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Skin effect heating series

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Skin effect heating series

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Skin effect heating series

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Due to the different nature of the liquid in the pipeline, the temperature maintained in the pipeline is required to be different. The skin electric heating (heating) technology is mainly applied to the heating of the pipeline and the heating, melting or intermittent oil transportation of the liquid or the solidified medium in the pipeline. The pipeline is divided into two types: the inner tube skin and the outer tube skin according to the installation form.

1. Oilfields and offshore platforms: production pipelines, crude oil, steam pipelines, water pipes, pulse lines, instruments, centralized station storage towers, long-distance pipelines, etc. The bottom of the river, the bottom of the lake, the submarine oil pipeline.

2. Production lines for refining industry, distillation, hydrocracking, coking, wax, vulcanization, asphalt, residual oil, etc.; water pipes, pulse lines or meters, storage towers, liquid hydrocarbon storage towers.

3. Petrochemical plants, chemical plants, chemical fertilizer plants: production lines such as benzene, styrene, polyethylene, chlorine, acrylic acid, oxalic acid, ethylene glycol, phthalaldehyde, synthetic fiber, nylon, dyed paint, and resin; Water pipes, pulse lines or meters, storage towers, liquid hydrocarbon storage towers.

4. Nuclear power plants: heavy water pipelines, water pipes, pulse lines and instruments, storage towers, and heavy water towers.

5. Oil trading transshipment station: product storage tower, long-distance pipeline, low-temperature product tower base and pipelines and water pipes associated with the tower.

6. Power plant: high-pressure water supply, sewage discharge, steam, de-steam, high-pressure condensation, acid and alkali, heavy oil ignition oil pipeline, etc.; heavy oil pipeline, heavy oil tower, pulse line and instrument, water pipe, long-distance pipeline, coal-water slurry transportation Pipeline, etc.

7. Steel plant: production pipeline, heavy oil, coal tar, asphalt and sulphur line, water pipe, long-distance pipeline.

8. Cement plant: stove or kiln heavy oil line, water pipe, pulse line or instrument, storage tower, heavy oil long-distance pipeline.

9. There are also plastic processing plants, edible oil processing plants, chocolate processing plants, water supply plants, hotels and high-rise buildings, and heavy engineering industries.

For each of the above types of pipeline transportation, skin electric heating (heating) can be used.

At present, it is concluded from practice that this technical solution has achieved good transportation effects and significant economic benefits.

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The working principle of skin electric heating (heating) technology is based on the "skin effect" and "proximity effect" characteristics of alternating current. The so-called skin effect, also known as the skin effect, refers to when there is alternating current or alternating electromagnetic field in the conductor. The current distribution inside the conductor is not uniform, and the current concentrates on the "skin" portion of the conductor, that is, the current concentrates on the thin layer of the outer surface of the conductor. The closer to the conductor surface, the greater the current density, and the actual current inside the conductor is smaller. As a result, the resistance of the conductor is increased, so that its power loss is also increased. The proximity effect is a phenomenon in which alternating currents approach each other to adjacent conductors in the two conductors of the two-wire transmission line. The higher the frequency and magnetic permeability, the smaller the resistivity, and the more pronounced this phenomenon is.
Due to the extremely strong magnetic properties of the steel tube, even in the power frequency voltage, a significant skin effect is produced. Therefore, in a skin electric heating (heating) system, the skin is accompanied by a heating (heating) band. The ferromagnetic steel pipe is connected with the tail end of the steel pipe. The first end of the steel pipe and the heating cable are connected to the neutral line and the phase line of the power supply respectively, and the power frequency or intermediate frequency AC voltage is applied, and the heat generated by the current through the circuit formed by the wire and the steel pipe passes through The weld and the thermal paste quickly transfer heat to the transfer tube, which acts as a heat tracer. Because there is a certain relationship between the size of the steel pipe, the material, and the frequency of the alternating current, the alternating current does not flow uniformly through the cross section of the steel pipe, but concentrates through a certain depth from the inner surface thereof, and the current density decreases exponentially. The voltage and current on the outer surface of the steel pipe is almost zero and it is safe. Therefore, the steel pipe can be directly welded to the conveying pipe to make it an efficient heat source.
 
In summary, the heat generated by the skin electric heating (heating) system mainly comes from three parts:
(1) When the current is passed through the heating pipe, the heat generated on the pipe is heated. This heat is the main source of heat for the skin electric heating system.
(2) Heat generated by the cable inside the heating tube.
(3) The hysteresis loss in the heating tube generates a part of the heat.

 

Serial number

Project

Silane Crosslinking

(Temperature resistance level126℃)

FEP Fluoroplastic

(Temperature resistance level205℃)

PFAHigh temperature fluoroplastic

(temperature resistance level260℃)

Steel  skin cable

(temperature resistance level600℃)

1

Cable model

JFHCL1-J2

JFHCL1-J3

JFHCL1-J4

JFHCL1-J5

2

Nominal cross-sectional area(mm²)

5-90

5-90

5-90

5-30

3

Insulating sheath(层)

2-5

2-5

2-5

1

4

Power supply voltage

220-35000V

220-35000V

220-35000V

220-35000V

5

Operating Voltage(V)

0.3V-15KV

0.3V-15KV

0.3V-6KV

0.3V-1KV

6

Working frequency(Hz)

50-4000

50-4000

50-4000

50-4000

7

20℃Insulation resistance is not less than(MΩ)

2500

2500

2500

2500

8

Breakdown test(kV)

25

25

25

3

9

Operating temperature(℃)

-40-110℃

-40-180℃

-40-230℃

0-500℃

10

The overall breaking force is not less than(N)

20000

20000

20000

50000

11

Minimum bending radiusmm

260

260

260

300

12

Heating power(w/m)

10-270

10-270

10-270

10-90

 

(1) Strong adaptability
It is suitable for the heating and heating of all long, medium and short distance metal infusion pipes. It is suitable for different laying methods and any places of pipelines; for example: underground direct burial, underwater, ground overhead; applicable to field or mine, factory, flammable Explosive place.
 
(2) Wide application range
It is suitable for medium which is solidified at room temperature and heated liquid.
It is suitable for pipe transportation with high viscosity at room temperature and difficult to flow, but it is easy to flow materials after heating, such as heavy oil, high-condensation oil, fuel heavy oil, wax and so on.
It is suitable for pipelines requiring isothermal heating, such as long pipeline distance and medium transportation with low starting temperature.
Suitable for high condensation points for intermittent delivery, or viscous media.
 
(3) High power density and high heat tracing temperature
The skin effect heating system effectively maintains a temperature of up to 230° and a single maximum calorific value of 150 W/m.
Energy saving, high heating efficiency
The skin electric heating is an isothermal heating method, and there is no local overheating phenomenon, and the heating efficiency is high, and the heating voltage can be increased as the distance of the pipeline is lengthened. Compared with the steam heating, the heat consumption of the skin effect is 231 kg/km of standard coal, and the heat cycle or steam heating energy consumption is 1813 kg/km.
 
(4) Safe and reliable
The heating cable adopts special cable. Because the skin effect system itself forms the insulation structure, the outer surface of the heat tracing tube and the infusion tube are not charged. The infusion tube is made to have a safety ground every kilometer, and the grounding resistance is not more than 4Ω, so that the infusion tube is always zero. The potential is safe and reliable.
 
(5) Automation control
Complete temperature control functions: digital temperature closed loop, short circuit protection, over current protection, and open circuit protection.
Soft stop soft start: minimize the impact on the device and extend the life of the device;
Flexible operation mode: digital display, convenient for man-machine dialogue.
Networked design: remote wireless alarm, remote wireless control.
 
(6) It is convenient to implement prefabrication and maintenance
According to the process or the structure of the infusion pipe section, the heat-treating pipe factory can be prefabricated or pre-fabricated in the field, and the joints are connected by welding sleeves, welded and installed together with the oil pipeline. The exterior is insulated with a protective cover, which is convenient for construction and easy to guarantee the quality of the project. If the process pipe is faulty or needs to be replaced, simply disconnect the connector at both ends of the replacement part and pull out the heating cable to replace the parts. There is no need to completely remove insulation and fittings.

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